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Mathematics for Elementary Teachers II

Instructor:
Greg Crow, Ph.D.
Texts:
Mathematics for Elementary Teachers: A Contemporary Approach 4th ed.,
Musser and Burger

Mathematics: A Good Beginning 5th ed.
Troutman and Lichtenberg
Table of Contents:

Course Description
Required Materials
Course Background
Course Philosophy and Approach
Course Content
Course Laboratories
Course Methods
Grading Policies
The Final Examination
Class meetings:
M--F 8:00 - 9:45
TTh 9:55-12:30
Office hours:
10:00-11:45 MWF
Rohr Science 220



REQUIRED MATERIALS
COURSE BACKGROUND

Several recent national reports on mathematics education (see references [NCTM, 1989], [NRC, 1989], and[NRC, 1990]) agree that there have been significant changes in:


COURSE PHILOSOPHY AND APPROACH

Our approach to mathematics for elementary teachers is based on a theory of teaching and learning mathematics called constructivism. Research in learning theory shows that students who learn mathematics effectively must be actively involved in the process, not just passive listeners/observers. In particular, in order to really learn and understand mathematical ideas and processes you must become deeply involved in activities such as exploring, discussing analyzing, explaining, conjecturing, defending, negotiating, testing, and evaluating. To do this you need good problems to solve, interaction with others on solutions, and opportunities to write your conclusions.

To be more specific, these courses are designed to help you:


COURSE CONTENT

The MTH 314, MTH 324 sequence includes the college-level mathematics and instructional methods needed to teach elementary school mathematics in ways consistent with the recommendations of the professional publications described above and with the California State Department of Education’s Mathematics framework [1992]. Material is selected for inclusion because teachers need to know it and understand it in order to teach elementary school mathematics effectively. Also, course activities and assignments are designed to assist you in gaining a deeper understanding of mathematics sufficient for effective teaching.

EXAMPLE: Consider the concept of division of whole numbers.
Children must understand:
the meaning of division of whole numbers
when a problem requires division
methods for doing division

A teacher must help children develop these understandings, so this raises a question:

In both the classroom an lab we make serious efforts to integrate mathematics and methods as we deal with such issues in detail. For example, division of whole numbers is a mathematical concept that leads to a procedure for doing it. In mathematics the basis for teaching and learning procedures is always understanding the concept. This requires an instructional sequence involving children in activities that are progressively more abstract as follows:

concrete objects --> pictorial work --> symbolic representation

For example, children will develop an understanding of the division of 12 by 4 (interpreted as repeated subtraction) by working with sets of 12 concrete objects in several specific problem-solving situations to develop and answer for the following questions:

"How many sets of 4 can be taken away from a set of 12?"

Later children will circle and "take away" 3 sets of 4 froma set of 12 objects in their workbooks (pictorial work). Finally, they will write the symbols 12 4=3 to express this division.


COURSE LABORATORIES

Course labs will provide direct hand-on experiences to support learning and teaching elementary mathematics. Both lab and classroom experiences are designed to help you learn mathematics and learn to teach mathematics developmentally in a problem-solving environment. Class meetings will have a greater emphasis on development of mathematical concepts and procedures, while labs will have a greater emphasis on methods, materials, and activities for teaching mathematics to children. Specific goals for the labs include helping you learn


COURSE METHODS

Use of groups. There is almost a century of research showing that academic achievements, productivity, and self-esteem improve dramatically when students work together in groups. This method emphasizes teamwork, cooperation and support by others, rather than isolation and competition in learning. For a thorough discussion, see the linked document on the Use of Groups.

Role of the instructor. There will be less direct lecturing than you may have experiences in other mathematics courses; many questions will be answered by helping you work through your own questions and difficulties. You will learn mathematics through active involvement - studying text material, solving problems, writing problem solutions, and discussing the material with others.

This way of learning mathematics may require some adjustment, but your patience and effort will be rewarded with a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts, methods, and procedures. This leas to confidence in your ability to do mathematics, to speak it, to write it, and to teach it.

Whenever the number of absences in a class, for any cause, exceeds the equivalent of one and one half weeks of classes, the professors send a written report to the Area Dean which may result in de-enrollment with a grade of "F" or "NC". A students is de-enrolled with a grade of "F" or "NC" if more than three weeks of classes are reported as missed.


COURSE SUCCESS STRATEGIES

Ultimately, your achievement in these courses will be proportional to your belief in the possibility of success and your willingness to give timely priority to course material and requirements. Some specific suggestions follow:

Review cards. Class tests and final exam will include problems and questions over material assigned in the texts, in other readings, or presented in class or lab.
For each test and the exam a "Review Card" may be prepared. You may write by hand (no typing, no Xeroxing, no reducing) any information you choose on the card (both sides may be used).


GRADING POLICIES
The course grade is a weighted average of the classroom grade (75%) and the lab grade (25%). Instructors will provide information about how various components will be weighted in your final classroom or lab grade. The classroom grade is a weighted average of the classroom individual grade and the classroom group grade. The weight of the classroom individual grade is 70% and the weight of the group grade is 30%. Various components of the individual and group grades are given below with their weights.
Individual Grading Distribution
One Exam 175 points
Final Exam300 points
Individual Homework 100 points
Quizzes 125 points
Individual Total 700 points


Group Grading Distribution
One Exam 150 points
Group Quizzes 75 points
Group Homework 75 points
Individual Total 300 points


Grading scale. Grades are based on the number of points accumulated throughout the course.
Approximate minimal percentages required to obtain a given grade are:

Grading Scale in percentages
A B C D
+ (87.5, 90) (77.5, 80) (67.5, 70)
[92.5, 100] [82.5, 87.5] [72.5, 77.5] [62.5, 67.5]
- [90, 92.5)[80, 82.5) [70, 72.5) [60, 62.5)


Grade components. The grade components are homework, attendance/involvement, quizzes, tests, and the final examination.

Other factors that affect grades are


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Last modified on 15-May-1999
Send comments and suggestions to E-mail: gcrow@ptloma.edu